Equine Influenza A(H3N8) Virus Isolated from Bactrian Camel, Mongolia

Equine Influenza A(H3N8) Virus Isolated from Bactrian Camel, Mongolia

Because little is known about the ecology of influenza viruses in camels, 460 nasal swab specimens were collected from healthy (no overt illness) Bactrian camels in Mongolia during 2012. One specimen was positive for influenza A virus (A/camel/Mongolia/335/2012[H3N8]), which is phylogenetically related to equine influenza A(H3N8) viruses and probably represents natural horse-to-camel transmission.

Low Prevalence of Enzootic Equine Influenza Virus among Horses in Mongolia

Horses are critically important for Mongolian herders' livelihoods, providing transportation and food products, and playing important cultural roles. Equine influenza virus (EIV) epizootics have been frequent among Mongolia's horses, with five occurring since 1970. We sought to estimate the prevalence for EIV infection among horses and Bactrian camels with influenza-like illness between nationa...

Isolation and characterization of H3N8 equine influenza A virus associated with the 2011 epizootic in Mongolia

BACKGROUND Equine influenza virus (EIV) epizootics affect 2.1 million Mongolian horses approximately every 10 years and critically impact economy and nomadic livelihood of Mongolia. OBJECTIVES An active surveillance program was established in 2011 to monitor influenza viruses circulating among Mongolian horses. METHODS Nasal swabs were collected from horses in free-ranging horse herds in Tö...

Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Isolated From Naturally Infected Triatoma sanguisuga LeConte Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Isolated From Naturally Infected Triatoma sanguisuga LeConte

Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs.

Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin...